Denial of Human Rights through the Implementation of Dark Laws: An analysis from the Legislative perspectiveof Bangladesh

Abstract

Following the independence of Bangladesh, the implementation of multiple repressive laws has significantly compromised basic human rights, freedom of expression and the rule of law. This study specifically analyses how the Cyber Security Ordinance 2025, Special Powers Act 1974, and other contemporary controversial laws are being established by the state, abusing power and exerting control over citizens, despite the government's reliance on these laws to effectively manage crises. The research was originally conducted using a mixed methodology, where data was collected from combined legal-document review, case-law analysis, news coverage, and reports issued by human-rights bodies. Furthermore, practical experience and impact have been evaluated based on interviews with multiple human rights activists and legal experts. The analysis reveals that these laws foster a culture of abuse, arbitrary arrests, and harassment of power, instil fear and self-censorship within the media, civil society, and the public at large and compare with other countries. It is imperative, based on research, to urgently revisit and amend such laws to ensure consistency with international human rights standards. Alongside, effective initiatives must be undertaken to safeguard the independence of the judiciary from executive pressure, enhance transparency in the enforcement of the law and build public awareness of citizens' rights. This study aims to promote a well-structured policy and informative discussion on building a democratic and humane state that actively plays a vital role in protecting justice and human rights.